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On this page
  • 1. 기본 개념
  • 2. Checked Exception
  • 2.1. 특징
  • 2.2. 장단점
  • 3. Unchecked Exception
  • 3.1. 특징
  • 3.2. 장단점
  • 4. Checked Exception과 Unchecked Exception의 실무
  • 5. try-with-resources
  1. JAVA

Checked vs Unchecked Exception

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Last updated 7 months ago

1. 기본 개념

자바 예외는 Throwable 클래스를 기반으로 합니다. 그리고 이를 상속받는 Exception과 Error로 나뉩니다. 이 중에서 Exception은 프로그램(애플리케이션)내에 발생하는 오류입니다.

Checked Exception은 외부 환경과의 상호작용에서 발생할 수 있는 예외로, 컴파일 시점에 예외 처리를 강제하여 안정성을 높입니다. 주로 try-catch나 throws로 명시적인 예외 처리가 필요합니다.

Unchecked Exception은 프로그래밍 오류에서 발생하며, 개발자가 필요한 경우에만 예외 처리를 할 수 있습니다. 필수가 아니므로 코드가 간결해지는 장점이 있지만, 발생 시 프로그램이 비정상 종료될 가능성이 있습니다.

2. Checked Exception

컴파일 시점에 발생 가능성을 검사하는 예외입니다. 보통 외부 자원(파일, 네트워크, 데이터베이스 등)과의 작업에서 주로 발생하며, 예상치 못한 오류를 방지하기 위해 사용해야합니다.

2.1. 특징

  • 컴파일러 검사: Checked Exception은 컴파일 시점에 컴파일러가 검사합니다.

  • 예외 처리 강제: try-catch 문으로 예외를 처리하거나, throws를 사용해 예외를 상위 메서드로 전달해야 합니다.

  • 외부 리소스 의존: 파일 입출력, 네트워크 연결, 데이터베이스 접근 등 외부 리소스를 다룰 때 자주 사용됩니다.

2.2. 장단점

  • 장점: 예외 처리 여부를 강제하기 때문에 안정적인 코드 작성이 가능해집니다. 외부 리소스와 통신 시도시 실패할 가능성이 높기때문에 문제 예방이 가능합니다.

  • 단점: 예외 처리 코드가 많아지면 코드의 복잡성이 높아지고 가독성이 떨어집니다.

3. Unchecked Exception

Unchecked Exception은 런타임 시점에 발생하며, 컴파일러가 예외 처리를 강제하지 않는 예외입니다. 주로 프로그래밍 로직 오류로 인해 발생하며, 개발자가 필요한 경우에만 예외 처리를 합니다.

3.1. 특징

  • 컴파일러 비검사: 컴파일시에 오류가 발생하지 않습니다.

  • 주로 로직 오류: NullPointerException, ArithmaticException, ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException 등이 포함되며, 프로그래밍 오류로 발생합니다.

  • 선택적 예외 처리: 필수가 아니기 때문에 필요한 경우에만 예외 처리를 추가합니다.

3.2. 장단점

  • 장점: 예외 처리를 선택적으로 할 수 있어서, 코드가 복잡해지지 않으며 가독성이 높습니다.

  • 단점: 예외 처리를 강제하지 않기때문에, 프로그램이 비정상적으로 종료될 가능성이 있습니다.

4. Checked Exception과 Unchecked Exception의 실무

Checked Exception

  • 외부 자원을 다루는 작업에서는 Checked Exception이 발생할 가능성이 높으므로, 적절한 예외 처리를 통해 오류를 방지하는 것이 좋습니다.

  • try-catch로 예외를 처리하거나 throws로 상위 메서드로 전달하여 처리할 수 있습니다.

  • 외부 리소스 사용 시에는 try-with-resources 문법을 활용해 자원 반납을 자동화하는 것이 좋습니다.

Unchecked Exception

  • 프로그래밍 오류로 인해 발생할 수 있는 Unchecked Exception은, 코드 리뷰와 테스트를 통해 가능한 한 사전에 오류를 방지하는 것이 좋습니다.

  • NullPointerException이나 잘못된 인덱스 참조 등의 오류는 코드 작성 단계에서 방지하는 것이 우선입니다.

  • 필요할 경우 예외 처리를 추가하여 오류 발생 시 사용자에게 의미 있는 메시지를 제공하거나, 에러 로그를 기록할 수 있습니다.

5. try-with-resources

자바에서 자원을 안전하게 관리하는 것은 애플리케이션의 안정성과 성능에 큰 영향을 미칩니다. 파일, 데이터베이스, 네트워크 소켓 등 외부 자원은 사용이 끝난 후 반드시 닫아야 하며, 그렇지 않으면 자원 누수와 같은 문제가 발생할 가능성이 있습니다. try-with-resources는 이러한 자원들을 자동으로 닫아주는 기능을 제공하여, 보다 안전하고 간결한 코드 작성을 가능하게 해줍니다.

try-catch
public class TryCatchExample {
    public void readFile(String fileName) {
        BufferedReader reader = null;
        try {
            reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName));
            String line;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                System.out.println(line);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.err.println("파일 읽기 중 오류 발생: " + e.getMessage());
        } finally {
            // 자원을 수동으로 닫아야 함
            try {
                if (reader != null) reader.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.err.println("자원 닫기 실패: " + e.getMessage());
            }
        }
    }
}
try-with-resources
public class FileReaderExample {
    public void readFile(String fileName) {
        try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(fileName))) {
            String line;
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                System.out.println(line);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.err.println("파일 읽기 중 오류 발생: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}