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  1. Books
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  3. Ch4. Database

4.4 Types of Databases

데이터베이스 종류

데이터베이스는 데이터를 구조화하고 관리하기 위해 다양한 방식으로 설계되었습니다. 이 중에서도 관계형 데이터베이스와 NoSQL 데이터베이스는 가장 널리 사용되는 두 가지 유형입니다. 각 데이터베이스 유형은 고유한 특징과 사용 사례를 가지고 있으며, 이들 간의 차이를 이해하는 것이 중요합니다.

4.4.1 관계형 데이터베이스 - MySQL, PostgreSQL

**관계형 데이터베이스(Relational Database)**는 데이터를 테이블 형태로 저장하며, 테이블 간의 관계를 통해 데이터를 연결하고 관리합니다. 관계형 데이터베이스는 **SQL(Structured Query Language)**을 사용하여 데이터를 정의, 조작, 조회합니다. 다음은 대표적인 관계형 데이터베이스 시스템입니다:

  1. MySQL

    • 특징: MySQL은 오픈 소스 관계형 데이터베이스 관리 시스템으로, 널리 사용되는 안정적이고 성능이 뛰어난 데이터베이스입니다. 주로 웹 애플리케이션과 함께 사용되며, 특히 LAMP(Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP) 스택에서 중요한 역할을 합니다.

    • 장점: 빠른 읽기 속도, 쉬운 설치 및 관리, 대규모 커뮤니티 지원.

    • 사용 사례: 대형 웹사이트, 블로그 플랫폼, 전자상거래 사이트 등에서 많이 사용됩니다.

  2. PostgreSQL

    • 특징: PostgreSQL은 고급 기능을 제공하는 오픈 소스 관계형 데이터베이스로, 표준 준수와 확장성이 뛰어납니다. 트랜잭션 무결성, 동시성 제어, 복잡한 쿼리 처리에서 우수한 성능을 보이며, JSON 데이터를 포함한 다양한 데이터 유형을 지원합니다.

    • 장점: ACID 준수, 고급 SQL 기능, JSON 및 XML 데이터 지원, 확장 가능성.

    • 사용 사례: 데이터 분석 플랫폼, 복잡한 트랜잭션 처리 시스템, 지리 정보 시스템(GIS) 등에서 널리 사용됩니다.

4.4.2 NoSQL 데이터베이스 - MongoDB, Redis

NoSQL 데이터베이스는 전통적인 관계형 데이터베이스의 한계를 극복하기 위해 설계된 데이터베이스입니다. 스키마가 유연하고, 대규모 데이터 처리에 적합하며, 다양한 데이터 모델을 지원합니다. NoSQL 데이터베이스는 수평적 확장성(horizontal scalability)을 염두에 두고 설계되었습니다. 다음은 대표적인 NoSQL 데이터베이스입니다:

  1. MongoDB

    • 특징: MongoDB는 문서 지향(Document-Oriented) 데이터베이스로, JSON과 유사한 BSON 형식으로 데이터를 저장합니다. 스키마가 유연하고, 동적 스키마를 통해 빠르게 애플리케이션의 데이터 모델을 변경할 수 있습니다.

    • 장점: 스키마리스 구조, 수평적 확장성, 복잡한 쿼리 지원, 높은 성능.

    • 사용 사례: 실시간 분석 시스템, 소셜 네트워크 데이터 저장, 콘텐츠 관리 시스템(CMS) 등.

    MongoDB에서는 JavaScript 스타일의 쿼리 언어를 사용하여 데이터를 삽입하고 조회할 수 있습니다.

  2. Redis

    • 특징: Redis는 인메모리(In-Memory) 데이터 구조 저장소로, 매우 빠른 읽기 및 쓰기 성능을 제공합니다. 데이터는 주로 메모리에 저장되며, 키-값(Key-Value) 쌍으로 관리됩니다. Redis는 단순한 캐시에서부터 메시지 브로커, 세션 관리까지 다양한 용도로 사용될 수 있습니다.

    • 장점: 초고속 데이터 처리, 다양한 데이터 구조 지원(리스트, 집합, 해시 등), 퍼시스턴스 옵션.

    • 사용 사례: 캐싱, 세션 저장소, 실시간 분석 및 로깅, 랭킹 시스템.

    SET user:1000 "John Doe"
GET user:1000

    Redis는 명령어를 통해 데이터를 저장하고 빠르게 조회할 수 있습니다.

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Last updated 8 months ago