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  1. COMPUTER SCIENCE
  2. Computer Architecture 101

RISC vs CISC

ARM과 x86 아키텍처의 주요 차이점

Reduced Instruction Set Computer vs Complex Instruction Set Computer

  • 주요 차이점

    1. 명령어 세트의 복잡성:

      • CISC: 복잡한 명령어 세트를 포함하며, 이로 인해 단일 명령어가 여러 연산을 수행하거나 여러 단계를 거쳐 실행될 수 있습니다.

      • RISC: 간단하고 최소한의 명령어 세트를 가지며, 명령어는 보통 고정된 길이를 가지고 있고 단순하게 설계되어 있습니다.

    2. 실행 사이클:

      • CISC: 명령어마다 다양한 수의 클럭 사이클이 필요할 수 있습니다.

      • RISC: 대부분의 명령어는 한 클럭 사이클에 실행됩니다.

    3. 하드웨어 vs 소프트웨어:

      • CISC: 많은 연산이 하드웨어 레벨에서 처리되기 때문에, 컴파일러는 덜 복잡할 수 있습니다.

      • RISC: 소프트웨어나 컴파일러가 연산의 최적화와 스케줄링에 더 큰 역할을 합니다.

    4. 코드의 크기:

      • CISC: 복잡한 명령어들로 인해 실행 코드의 크기가 상대적으로 작을 수 있습니다.

      • RISC: 더 많은 명령어가 필요할 수 있기 때문에 코드의 크기가 상대적으로 클 수 있습니다.

  • 개발의 배경

    • CISC: 초기의 프로그래밍 환경에서 메모리와 저장 공간이 비싸고 제한적이었기 때문에, 효율적인 코드 생성을 위해 복잡한 명령어 세트가 필요했습니다.

    • RISC: 성능 향상을 위해 명령어 파이프라이닝과 병렬 처리를 적용하기 용이하도록 명령어 세트를 최소화하려는 목적으로 발전했습니다.

  • 대표적인 예

    • CISC: 인텔의 x86 아키텍처

    • RISC: ARM, MIPS, SPARC 등

이러한 구분은 이론적인 것이며, 현대의 프로세서 설계에서는 RISC와 CISC의 경계가 모호해진 경우가 많습니다.

예를 들어, 인텔의 x86 아키텍처는 전통적으로 CISC로 분류되지만, 내부적으로 RISC와 유사한 기법을 사용하기도 합니다.

Previousepresentation of infinity and NaN (Not a Number) in floating-pointNextHamming code

Last updated 1 year ago